The different experimental techniques are essential in the process of determining the characteristics of materials and in the creating of new technologies of them processing and synthesis. In this collection by results of the International Conference on X-rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2016 (ICXRI2016, Putrajaya, Malaysia, August 17-18, 2016) are presented results of researches the properties for wide range of materials: metals, alloys, polymers and composites, biomaterials, semiconductors and ceramics. We hope this book will be interesting for many specialists from area of material science and related technologies.