“The Yellow Wallpaper” is considered one of the earliest American feminist works of fiction and is unique for author Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s deft handling of the delicate subject of contemporary attitudes about women’s bodies, emotions, and mental health. The story is considered to be semi-autobiographical, and is based on Gilman’s own experiences with postpartum depression and rest cures.
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an American sociologist, writer, lecturer, and social reformist. As a child, Gilman was often in the presence of her father’s relatives, notably Isabella Beecher Hooker, a well-known suffragist, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, an abolitionist and author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Many of Gilman’s own works reflect similarly feminist and social reformist perspectives, and in 1909 she established The Forerunner, a magazine that acted as a forum for discussion of these issues. Gilman’s most famous work is “The Yellow Wallpaper,” a semi-autobiographical short story written in response to being put on “rest cure” by a doctor to cure her depression. Gilman’s works also include the poetry collection In This Our World, and the feminist texts Women and Economics and The Home: Its Work and Influence. She died in 1935.