MARIE-HENRI BEYLE (23 January 1783 - 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters’ psychology and considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of realism.
Born in Grenoble, Isère, he relocated to Italy following the 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau, settling in Milan. He formed a particular attachment to Italy, where he spent much of the remainder of his career, serving as French consul at Trieste and Civitavecchia.
Having suffered a number of physical disabilities in his final years of writing, Stendhal died at the age of 59 in March 1842, just a few hours after collapsing with a seizure on the streets of Paris. He is interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre.
HAAKON MAURICE CHEVALIER (September 10, 1901 - July 4, 1985) was an American author, translator, and professor of French literature at the University of California, Berkeley best known for his friendship with physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, whom he met at Berkeley, California in 1937.
Born in Lakewood Township, New Jersey, Chevalier served as a translator for the Nuremberg Trials in 1945 and has translated many works by Salvador Dalí, André Malraux, Vladimir Pozner, Louis Aragon, Frantz Fanon and Victor Vasarely into English.
He died in 1985 in Paris at the age of 83.