Stefan Berger is Professor of Social History and director of the Institute for social movements at Ruhr Universitaet Bochum in Germany. He is also Executive Chair of the Foundation History of the Ruhr, and an Honorary Professor at Cardiff University. Before 2011 he Held Various Positions at British Universities, including Professor of Modern German and Comparative European History at the University of Manchester and Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Glamorgan. Among his Books are The Past as History: National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Modern Europe (2015) and Friendly Enemies: Britain and the GDR, 1949 – 1989 (2010).