Bill Franklin
What do you know about the prison system in the US? Likely whatever you’ve seen in the crime TV shows in recent years. If that’s it, you know almost nothing. Shane Bauer takes us behind the scenes into one of the prisons run by the nation’s first and largest private prison company, Corrections Corporation of America (CCA, renamed CoreCivic after the publishing of the articles that later resulted in this book). Maybe you didn’t know that many states outsource part of the prison operation to private companies. Yes, even this is private enterprise. Bauer also reviews the history of prisons as a form of punishment or correction going back to our earliest history and how “correction” evolved from a desire to correct bad behavior and provide possibilities for life after prison into a profit-making enterprise for states. We’ve heard of chain gangs. Many states earned a significant portion of their budget, both by using prisoners to do menial labor for the state and hiring out prison crews to companies to build railroads, mine coal, or clear land for crops. Shortly after the Civil War ended, prisons in many southern states became just a form of slavery by another name with African Americans the majority of prisoners and entire prisons' inmates rented out as a captive work force. Often overlooked is that doing so depressed wages for unskilled free labor so much that it held back their own economy and made it difficult for lower-level laborers to earn enough to support a family. Bauer intertwines the two themes throughout the book. To learn more about the CCA, he went undercover, getting a job at a CCA prison in Louisiana in 2016, carrying a recording device concealed in a pen. He found that one problem was that the low pay of $9 per hour was not enough to attract guards who would take the job seriously and the high-turnover rate is what made CCA hire him with only a cursory look into his background. Those guards who did stay were tempted to supplement their income through smuggling illegal goods into the prison. Bauer himself is tasked with training cadets less than seven weeks after taking the job. The book is full of detailed descriptions of the situation in the prison, with short-staffing, cell doors that can be opened by inmates, and almost nonexistent medical care. He describes a dozen stabbings and far more use-of-force incidents than at state run prisons. He records guards describing how they beat inmates outside the view of cameras, trained bloodhounds using inmates, routinely neglected their jobs, and falsified records. He describes a suicide and one death of an inmate who was denied medical care because it would have required taking him to a hospital at CCA’s expense. One inmate was held for a year after he was eligible for release, the excuse being that he could provide no specific address in Louisiana that would take him in, while refusing him any contact with outside services that would have helped him make the arrangements. The company earned an additional $12,410 from the state by keeping him. Bauer used and preserved the recordings made over his 4 months of employment as documentation for the book. He is able to relate incidents in great detail with conversations quoted word for word. The result is a book that is riveting as well as shocking. Many inmates are in for lower-level offenses and know that they have done wrong. But the inhuman treatment that they receive, the boredom of nothing to do, and little opportunity for training or education almost guarantees that there is no “correction” or rehabilitation, but only hardening and humiliation with a complete loss of self-esteem. If that is true in state-run prisons, how can it not be even more so in for-profit prisons who had to bid far lower than the person/day cost of a state prison to get a contract. They can only earn a profit by cutting more corners, taking more risks, and paying staff as little as possible. The prisoners pay, but ultimately, it’s society that really covers the tab. A very good book that should be read.