Testaments of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

Both versions of the Testament of Abraham show strong influences of Jewish thought dating to the Second Temple era, including the Merkabah literature of flying chariots, and the early-Christian cloud-of-light literature. Both of these literary devices were used by angels to fly around, as well as to carry humans, or lead them. Examples of these flying vehicles can be found in the Gospel of Matthew, Protevangelion (Gospel of James), Paraphrase of Shem, Acts of Peter, Acts of Peter and Andrew, 1st Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan, Revelations of Metatron, Ethiopian Apocalypse of Peter, and the Apocalypse of John. In the Protevangelion, the cloud-of-light led the Magi to Jesus when he was born. In the Acts of Peter and the Acts of Peter and Andrew, the apostles flew around on clouds, while in the Revelation of Metatron angels flew around in chariots (Merkabah).

A major difference between the two versions was the various names of god used in the later version, most of which appear to have been adopted directly from the Septuagint, such as Lord Sabaoth, who was later redacted to God Almighty in Christian texts, including the Septuagint after the 3rd-century. This would also indicate that the 1st version was almost certainly Christianized before the redaction of the Septuagint in the 3rd-century.