Markus D. Dubber is Professor of Law and Director of the Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto. Much of his scholarship has focused on theoretical, comparative, and historical aspects of criminal law. He has published, as author or editor, over twenty books and more than eighty papers; he has been translated into German, Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, and Spanish. His publications include The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law (2014), Criminal Law: A Comparative Approach (2016, with Tatjana Hörnle), Foundational Texts in Modern Criminal Law (2014), and The Police Power (2005)