Elizabeth Gaskell, born Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson on September 29, 1810, in London, is a distinguished figure in Victorian literature known for her keen observation of society and insightful portrayal of domestic life. Gaskell's formative years were spent in Cheshire after the untimely death of her mother, which would later influence her literary works. Marrying William Gaskell, a Unitarian minister, in 1832, she settled in Manchester, a setting that would provide a backdrop to many of her social novels. Gaskell's literary career blossomed with the publication of 'Mary Barton' (1848), which gained her recognition as a perceptive social commentator, addressing the plight of the working class in industrial England. Her narrative artistry further evolved with 'Cranford' (1853), a gently satiric portrayal of small-town life, and 'North and South' (1855), delving into social and gender divides. Her final work, 'Wives and Daughters' (1866), remained unfinished at her death on November 12, 1865, and posthumously underscored her adeptness at creating complex characters and exploring social and familial relations. Gaskell's literary style is characterized by a blend of realism, warmth, and sharp societal critique, endearing her to readers and critics alike.