Clostridial Neurotoxins: The Molecular Pathogenesis of Tetanus and Botulism
Cesare Montecucco
nov 2013 · Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Libro 195 · Springer Science & Business Media
Ebook
280
pagine
reportValutazioni e recensioni non sono verificate Scopri di più
Informazioni su questo ebook
Tetanus has been known from the very beginning of medical literature since it was first described by Hyppocrates of Cos in the fifth century B.C. For 24 centuries it was considered a neuro logical disease until the breakthrough of CARLE and RATIONE (1884) who demonstrated its infectious etiology. Following the establishment of purified cultures of Clostridium tetani(KITASATO 1889), FABER (1890), and TIZZONI and CATIANI (1890) demon strated that the disease is actually an intoxication caused by a proteic neurotoxin. This toxin was shown by BRUSHCHETIINI (1892) to move retroaxonally and to act at the spinal cord level. Soon thereafter VAN ERMENGEN (1897) demonstrated that botu lism is also due to intoxication with a protein toxin produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium. These bacteria and their spores and ubiquitous, and the majority of them do not produce neurotoxins. The selective advantage of producing such potent toxin is still a matter of speculation (see Popoff, this volume). The next major advance was the discovery that tetanus neurotoxin 1 can be converted by formaldehyde treatment to a nonpathogenic but still fully immunogenic form, and that this can be used successfully as a vaccine to prevent tetanus (RAMON and DESCOMBEY 1925). Similar vaccines (toxoids) can be prepared with botulism neurotoxins (see MiDDLEBROOK and BROWN, this volume). The prevention oftetanus by vaccination (see Galatzka and Gasse, this volume) is one of the great successes of basic research coupled with an efficient public medicine service.
Valuta questo ebook
Dicci cosa ne pensi.
Informazioni sulla lettura
Smartphone e tablet
Installa l'app Google Play Libri per Android e iPad/iPhone. L'app verrà sincronizzata automaticamente con il tuo account e potrai leggere libri online oppure offline ovunque tu sia.
Laptop e computer
Puoi ascoltare gli audiolibri acquistati su Google Play usando il browser web del tuo computer.
eReader e altri dispositivi
Per leggere su dispositivi e-ink come Kobo e eReader, dovrai scaricare un file e trasferirlo sul dispositivo. Segui le istruzioni dettagliate del Centro assistenza per trasferire i file sugli eReader supportati.
